import functools
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Optional


class TimerError(Exception):
    """A custom exception used to report errors in use of Timer class."""

    pass


@dataclass
class Timer:
    """Time a section of code."""

    timers: ClassVar[Dict[str, float]] = {}
    name: Optional[str] = None
    text: str = "Elapsed time: {:0.4f} seconds"
    logger: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = print
    _start_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        """Add timer to dict of timers after initialization."""
        if self.name is not None:
            self.timers.setdefault(self.name, 0)

    def __enter__(self):
        """Start a new timer as a context manager."""
        self.start()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
        """Stop the context manager timer."""
        self.stop()

    def __call__(self, func):
        """Support using Timer as a decorator."""

        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper_timer(*args, **kwargs):
            with self:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)

        return wrapper_timer

    def start(self) -> None:
        """Start a new timer."""
        if self._start_time is not None:
            raise TimerError("Timer is running. Use .stop() to stop it")

        self._start_time = time.perf_counter()

    def stop(self) -> float:
        """Stop the timer, and report the elapsed time."""
        if self._start_time is None:
            raise TimerError("Timer is not running. Use .start() to start it")

        # Calculate elapsed time
        elapsed_time = time.perf_counter() - self._start_time
        self._start_time = None

        # Report elapsed time
        if self.logger:
            self.logger(self.text.format(elapsed_time))
        if self.name:
            self.timers[self.name] += elapsed_time

        return elapsed_time